The paper discusses a framework for modeling, analyzing and controlling systems whose behavior is governed by interdependent physical laws, logic rules, and operating constraints, denoted as Mixed Logical Dynamical (MLD) systems.
Having turned their backs on speculative philosophy, they could not define reason's autonomy by falling back upon the discredited Geist of German Idealism.[18] But they also could not let reason (or as they prefer to call it, "thinking") be conceived as a set of psychological operations, since that would subject reason's laws (logic) to more basic psychological or psychophysical laws.
By the fifth century BCE, rational inquiry into a wide range of topics was under way, including agriculture, architecture, astronomy, grammar, law, logic, mathematics, medicine, phonology, and statecraft.
A human hazard analysis approach based on human/machine interfaces is developed for identification of safety requirements on control law logic design for preventing pilot operating error in flight.
Such a property, which instantiates itself if and only if it does not instantiate itself, appears to defy the laws of logic, at least classical logic.
The puzzle is to explain how both the Carnapian and mereological answers to the one and same question could be correct and yet mutually incompatible, for unless we abandon the most fundamental law of logic, the law of non-contradiction, we cannot deem one and the same proposition true and not true.
The main problem is that Erdmann allows for the possibility that the laws of logic could change, that there could be a different logic, a logic that conflicts with our present one.
However, to argue that our nature or constitution forces us to abide by the laws of logic is no longer a logical justification; it is to incorrectly shift from logical to psychological or biological considerations (1893, XVI-XVII).
These distinctions allow Frege to distinguish between two versions of 'psychological logicians': one group takes the laws of logic to be descriptive psychological laws, the other group interprets the laws of logic as prescriptive laws based on descriptive psychological laws.
Psychology can either take the laws of logic as premises and axioms of its own theories, or it can rely on the laws of logic merely as rules of method in accordance with which psychology must proceed.
Further, Quine argued that empirical hypotheses can't logically imply anything about experience except against a background of assumed laws of logic.
