This is true, first, in a territorial sense, in that the realm of private law instruments is extended beyond national borders.
Contemporary international lawmaking is characterized by a rapid growth of "soft law" instruments.
International Criminal Law Deskbook (John P. Grant & J. Craig Barker, eds). (K5013.I58 2006) is a collection of core international criminal law instruments with commentary and an outline of their legislative histories.
However, as these emergent soft law instruments talk about customers, they also talk about consumer protection, data protection, and privacy rights, thus also introducing new language and moving new bodies of law to the center of the humanitarian field.
This impressionmight stem from the fact that the authors seem to employ a very broad (or maybedivergent?) understanding of law that includes not only constitutional and statutoryrights, judicial decisions, but also soft law instruments and outcomes of deliberativeprocesses.
Even though the intention of various international law instruments to promote the right to equal treatment of migrants is clearly visible, its implementation as will be shown below is less successful, as many instruments have either not specified the right or even explicitly excluded discrimination in relation to nationality from their provisions.
These soft law instruments co-exist with 'hard' law and may have legal impact".
Other "soft law" instruments, such as explicitly nonbinding agreements, political declarations, and U.N. declarations, are fallback options which merit consideration for implementing a portfolio approach.
As John Noyes observes, benefit sharing reflects the idea of the need to promote the development of developing countries--an idea that is reflected in a multitude of international law instruments.
