Mr Hollis proposes a new "international law for information operations" to alleviate the uncertainty.
Numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law for spacecraft proximity operations with actuator saturation.
Two agencies which fall under the Department of Homeland Security -- Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement ICEE )-- are responsible for law enforcement operations related to the prevention of illegal immigration.
"We further believe that the Department has an increased responsibility to protect civil liberties when its investigative components use a tool that permits seizure and forfeiture of property without judicial involvement or apparent connection to investigative activity, and then uses the proceeds of that property as a funding mechanism for law enforcement operations," the statement continued.
The new Department of the Ocean could be made up of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for science and policy and the U.S. Coast Guard for operations and law enforcement.
But Ms. Hodges also said that instituting the law would have its limits, especially for operations overseas, because of recent budget cuts to Britain's Serious Fraud Office, which investigates and prosecutes fraud and corruption.
The Maricopa County Sheriff's Office, known for efforts against illegal immigrants, inappropriately spent $99 million from two jail funds over the past eight years to pay for other law enforcement operations, including immigration patrols, county budget officials said.
Randy McDaniel, chief deputy of the Montgomery County Sheriff's Department in Conroe, Tex., near Houston, whose agency bought a drone to use for various law enforcement operations, dismissed worries about surveillance, saying everyone everywhere can be photographed with cellphone cameras anyway.
Building on learning experiences from the field tests presented here, a research project has been started in Uganda to further explore the use of geotagged photos as a tool for research and law enforcement operations.
Both outgoing FBI Director Robert Mueller, Attorney General Eric Holder, and Homeland Security officials have publicly admitted that unarmed drones are used to patrol the Mexican and Canadian borders, along with the Caribbean Sea, and for law enforcement surveillance operations.
