We found no support for this notion and conclude that urine, which is more accessible to the animals for olfactory investigation, is the more important latrine component in this species.
The justification and findings for the latrine cleaning component of this trial are discussed in a forthcoming paper.
Alternatively, attention to the latrine cleaning component of the intervention in the LC+HW schools may have had positive added effects for soap provision.
This difference may have been because the LC+HW arm received additional powdered soap as part of the latrine cleaning supplies component of the intervention and therefore, had a greater quantity of soap overall for use.
Businesses that sustainably provide or resell water, install latrines and toilets, manufacture components or provide emptying services can change the water landscape and provide jobs and revenue to urban and rural areas.
The other package components include separate latrines for boys and girls, an improvement that has proved critical to keeping girls in school all over the world.
In several species (e.g., Vulpes velox: Darden et al. 2008; Hyaena spp.: Gorman and Mills 1984; Meles meles: Stewart et al. 2002), urination is the most common mark used in this context, and feces per se may not be the most important information component of a latrine (Darden et al. 2008).
To create a single measure of overall school latrine cleanliness, we conducted a principal component analysis of observed ratings for odor, flies, and cleanliness.
However, animals did not react to experimentally introduced feces from neighboring or strange social units, indicating that urine may be the more important component of latrines than feces in this arboreal species.
The Latrine Slab project is exploring an add-on, modular component that will fit on latrines and thereby provide access to children with disabilities as well as for elderly people, in order to reduce their vulnerability and marginalization.
