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The observed latitude structure of O/N2 therefore imposes constraints on external sources of energy to the thermosphere ionosphere system, and is valuable information for use in physical models.
Figure 2 upper panel shows the latitude structure of the spectral amplitude of the 5.5-day Kelvin (E1) wave in temperature (in K°) at 90 km as obtained from the TIMED/SABER data for the period from 1 August to 31 October 2005.
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Similar characteristics are also found for the altitude-latitude structure of Dw2 and Ds0.
In addition to the good agreement above 90 km, the altitude-latitude structure of De3 in August between 40 and 90 km (with amplitude <4 K) also compares well between the model and SABER.
In this section, we present the climatological altitude-latitude structures of the migrating component Dw1 and three nonmigrating components De3, Dw2, and Ds0 from both eCMAM30 and SABER.
Forbes et al. [2008]provided some limited insights into variability of the tidal spectrum extending into the dynamo region, concentrating mainly on the equator and the height-latitude structures of a few major tidal components during particular months.
The climatological altitude-latitude structures of the migrating diurnal tide Dw1 and three nonmigrating diurnal tides De3, Dw2, and Ds0 from the eCMAM30 and SABER are generally in very good agreement.
Figure 1 also presents the altitude-latitude structures of the monthly mean differences of zonal mean velocities due to inclusion of OGW effects for the easterly QBO phase (Fig. 1b) and differences between the westerly and easterly QBO phases without OGW effects (Fig. 1c) in January.
This type of latitude structure is consistent with the first symmetric Hough function for DW1 plotted in Figure 2. The approximately 12-h shift in phase between the equator and ±20° −40° latitude in 'Additional file 1: Phases for Figure 6' support this interpretation.
On the other hand, D0 has minimum amplitudes near the equator, and its latitude structure is similar to that of the first antisymmetric mode of D0 plotted in Figure 2. As shown in 'Additional file 2: Phases for Figure 7', D0 is nearly in anti-phase between the N. and S. hemispheres and, moreover, does not change much throughout the year.
The present paper is focused on the global spatial (altitude and latitude) structure, seasonal and interannual variability of the most stable in amplitude and phase eastward propagating diurnal and semidiurnal tides with zonal wavenumbers 2 and 3 derived from the SABER/TIMED temperatures for full 6 years (January 2002 December 2007).
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