The high latitude sampling locations used in this study are all geographic regions that have not experienced any direct supplementation from translocated or captive bred individuals [97].
The middle latitude samples, from the province of Buenos Aires (34°S), show δC values that range between -12,9 and -8,1‰, while the lowest latitude specimens, from Tarija (22°S), show δC values that range between -6,6 to -0,8‰.
These results mirror findings for temperate latitude samples of C. elegans, in that high local diversity may occur while genetic differentiation among locations is low [ 8, 10, 11, 14, 31, 32].
In contrast to modern Ovibos, Praeovibos was distributed over much more southern latitudes, samples have been found as far south as France and Spain [ 38- 40], which indicates that Praeovibos is an early more cosmopolitan form of muskox [ 37].
Supplementary information listing date, longitude and latitude of sample sites are located in Additional file 1. Table 1 Concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), Fe and Zn in the unfiltered and 0.2-μm filtered samples collected at hydrothermal vents of the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (June 2005).
Table 1 Isotopic composition of groundwater (open wells, OW, 'boreholes', BH) and surface water (stream water, ST, river water, RW, dam water, DW, and lake water, LK) in the Ndop plain showing a general decrease in δ18O and δD from surface water to groundwater No. Location Latitude Longitude Sample No. Dtwb (m) Alt.
Our results from Structure, TESS, FST and Dest do indicate, however, no genetic differentiation between F. p. tundrius and high latitude anatum sample locations in Alaska and northwest Canada.
Acronyms, latitude, longitude, sampling size, Wolbachia infection status, mitochondrial and nuclear haplotypes and multilocus genotypes are specified for each location.
Previous studies in humans, at specific loci, have found evidence of correlation between allelic frequencies and latitude of sampled populations.
From these studies, we obtained or calculated population means for morphological, physiological, defense and life-history traits, as well as the latitude of sampled populations.
We analysed the relationship between the stable isotope values (δC and δN) and the trace element concentrations (hepatic Zn, Cu, Fe, Hg, Se, renal Cd) with regard to local bathymethry, latitude of sampled localities, and age of harbour porpoises using a principal components analysis (PCA).
