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Like bah-1, srf-3 is expressed in lateral seam cells, further implicating these cells in the production of surface determinants and suggesting a role for these proteins in cuticle development.
We fused the putative bah-1 promoter to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and observed expression in the lateral seam cells (Figure 4A), a subset of the hypodermis.
The lateral seam cells are specialized epithelial cells.
Furthermore, breaks and bifurcations occur in the Alae, cuticular structures that form over the lateral seam cells (Fig. 3c,d and Supporting Information Fig. S1b).
During larval development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, Wnt/β-catenin pathways act in fate specification of two hypodermal cell types, the ventral vulval precursor cells (VPCs) and the lateral seam cells.
During each larval stage, lateral seam cells (V1 V4 and V6) divide in an asymmetric, stem-cell like manner with additional stems cells only produced in the L2 stage by an additional symmetric division pattern that duplicates V1 V4 and V6 seam cell numbers (Sulston and Horvitz, 1977; Ambros and Horvitz, 1984).
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Among the cells that undergo asymmetric divisions during C. elegans development, the lateral epithelial seam cells are unique in that they have characteristics of stem cells.
The C. elegans gene lin-29 is required for terminal differentiation of the lateral hypodermal seam cells during the larval-to-adult molt and proper vulva morphogenesis.
A single heat shock of hs:: ΔNTbar-1 animals is sufficient to cause activated Wnt signaling phenotypes in fate specification of the ventral hypodermal VPCs and the lateral hypodermal seam cells (Gleason et al. 2002; Gleason and Eisenmann 2010).
Using this screen, we previously showed that knockdown of the NF-Y complex results in ectopic Ptbx-2:: gfp expression in the gut and lateral hypodermal seam cells (Milton et al. 2013).
lin-41 and other members of the heterochronic gene pathway regulate the timing of cell division and terminal differentiation of lateral hypodermal seam cells during larval development (Reinhart et al. 2000; Slack et al. 2000; reviewed by Rougvie and Moss 2013).
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