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Studies on cadavers have shown that the appropriate insertion of cervical pedicle screw (C3 C7) should be done from a more lateral point and at a steeper angle in the axial plane, than that described by Abumi et al., to decrease the chances of lateral perforation.
Excessive loss of dentin can increase the risk of lateral perforation or root fracture [ 6].
Similar(58)
More than half of the perforations reported with usage of cervical pedicle screws (CPS) are lateral perforations, endangering the vertebral artery.
The medial cortical pedicle screw (MCPS) technique with partial drilling of the medial cortex shifts the trajectory of pedicle screws medially, decreasing the lateral perforations.
Anterior lateral perforations, however, are diagnostic of deuterostomes.
The demonstration of unequivocal lateral perforations is consistent with water entering the animal via its oral opening and subsequently being expelled along either side of the animal.
Hence, the clinician should be careful in instrumentation of the mesial surface of the canal, as overzealous instrumentation can lead to strip or lateral perforations in these critical areas.
Similarity stands on the shakiest ground given that while clearly these are lateral perforations located on the anterior, these proposed gill slits find no exact counterpart in any other deuterostome.
On the assumption, therefore, that these openings are not convergent, then the deuterostome status of the vetulicolians means that the spacious anterior would be homologous with the pharynx and the lateral perforations are genuine gill slits.
Corresponding values for differences in the misplacement rate in patients who were operated in the first 2 periods and the second 2 periods were 2.2% (p = 0.08) for lateral cortical perforation and 2.4% (p = 0.07) for medial cortical perforation.
The lateral cortex perforation was left open in all cases.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com