For later, we define an index-termed discriminative per dimension and abbreviated to DPD, which can be explained as discriminative power of a single dimension for better evaluating the effectiveness of dimension reduction method.
With the parameter a ∈ (0,2), which will be specified later, we define the coefficients r k and q k as follows: q k : = a, for λ ∈ ( - ∞, a ), λ, for λ ∈ [ a, 2 ], 2, for λ ∈ ( 2, ∞ ), r k : = 1 q k.
As patients who start statin therapy might stop it and restart it later, we defined statin exposure as a time-varying covariate.
For later convenience, we define ([Anablahat{Y}_{hp}cdot n]_{e}=0) and ([A^nablatilde{P}_{hp}cdot n]_{e}=0) when (esubsetpartialOmega).
For later use, we define a quadratic algebraic equation as follows: g(n triangleqfrac{1}{2}theta^{2} n^{2}+ biggl( beta-r+frac {1}{2}theta ^{2} biggr)n-r=0, where (thetatriangleq{(mu-r)}/{sigma}) is the market price of the risk.
For later use, we define the vector r n [ s ] = r n [ 1, s ], r n [ 2, s ],..., r n [ M, s ] T, which collects the received signals at antenna n and OFDM symbol s, across all sub-carriers.
For later use, we define a parameter γmax which is the maximum eigenvalue of the covariance matrix R = E{x t)x T (t)} of input signal vector x t).
For later use, we define h:,k[m] = [h1,k[m],..., hN,k[m]]T and similarily for hn,:[m] and hn,k.a Note that due to the block-fading assumption, the matrix H[m] does not depend on s.
The same questionnaires were mailed to patients one year later, which we define as time 2 (T2).
If we let E ∈ C ( N + L ) × L be the CIA precoder, detailed later, we can define xp and x s ∈ C ( N + L ), coded transmit vectors at TX1 and TX2, respectively, as x p = A F - 1 s p (2) x s = E s s. (3).
Later, we respectively define the sets ω ( N ), ℓ ∞ ( N ), c ( N ), c 0 ( N ) and ℓ p ( N ) of all, bounded, convergent, null and p-absolutely summable sequences in the sense of non-Newtonian calculus and show that each of the sets forms a vector space on the field R ( N ) and a complete metric space.
