"later arguments" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when referring to arguments that take place at a later point in time, either literally or figuratively. For example: "We will not discuss this issue now, but we can come back to it and make our later arguments when we have more information."
He thus anticipated, by a decade or two, later arguments about the nature of "virtual reality".
The controversy anticipated later arguments in Britain about Rachel Whiteread's House, Damien Hirst's vitrines, and Tracey Emin's My Bed.
He thus anticipated, by a decade or two, later arguments about the where human society is a simulation designed by malign machines to keep it enslaved.
Sixty years later, arguments that black students associated studiousness with "acting white" were seen not as evidence of the negative effects of internalized racism but as indicators of pathological self-defeat among African-Americans.
Now, six months later, arguments are brewing about when to turn off the fiscal tap.
The later arguments point more towards an instrumental value of nation, derived from the value of individual flourishing, moral understanding, firm identity and the like.
His later argument with Cameron was apparently only about whether a "significant" government job was also included in the package for his £8m of donations.
Mr. Lay's lawyers argued that the government position could leave their client open to a later argument by the agency that his production had initiated a waiver of Fifth Amendment privileges.
That contradicts his later argument that the threat was "growing".
Thus, the conclusion can be a premise in a later argument.
This covers the acts that Walzer's later argument seeks to capture with his term "supreme emergency".
