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Finally, the six items (B1 B6) identified to be associated with the simplicity component of epistemological beliefs associated with mathematics were used to form a latent measure, Beliefs.
While we used the specific measures of organizational commitment and turnover intention to test their direct effects, we formed an aggregate latent measure of organizational attachment with turnover intention (reversely coded) to test the mediation and comparison hypotheses.
An ordered probit-based service prediction model incorporates a continuous latent measure underlying each service level (A F) and explains which level of satisfaction bicyclists perceive (on average) in a certain roadway environment.
While we used the specific measures of each of these FWPs to test their direct effects, we were compelled to form an aggregate latent measure of FWPs to test the mediation hypotheses as this was the only way to satisfy the minimum requirement of five observations per estimated parameter in the structural equation models (Bentler and Chou (1987).
Indeed, the first component explained less than 10% of the variance, confirming that all the information in the data is explained by the latent measure [ 57].
Whilst these ten items refer to both the use of alcohol and the consequences thereof, for the sake of simplicity we refer to this latent measure as "alcohol use".
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Further analysis will be performed using latent growth modelling (LGM) [ 78, 79] as it provides simultaneous analysis of time points and can incorporate latent measures corrected for measurement error [ 80].
Subsequently, a bicyclists' preference of rating a certain roadway segment, y n, from a set of alternatives j (j = 1, 2,…, 6) is also computed by the stepwise function of latent measures Z n as shown in Eq. (2).
This yielded 8 different latent measures, as listed in Table 6.> -wrap-foot> Note.
Any of these three latent variables could be the η3 latent measured by y5 in Figure 2 because all three of these latents cause y5.
Recently, latent measures of quality show a strong correlation between quality of PD and teaching self-efficacy (Knobloch, 2006; DeChenne et al., 2012b) and between quality of PD and hours spent in PD (DeChenne et al., 2012b).
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