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Estimated latent means and correlations.
Scalar invariance is required to compare latent means across groups.
The scalar invariance is required to compare latent means across groups.
Weak MI is sufficient to compare associations between variables, whereas strong MI is necessary to compare latent means.
The results were similar for the execution dimension if item 14 was excluded in the comparison of latent means (ΔM = .20, p < .01).01
In case of strong invariance (i.e., invariant intercepts or thresholds), the scale could be used to compare latent means across groups.
Similar(14)
Nevertheless, interpretation of the latent mean comparison should be done with caution.
That is, the pattern of latent mean differences is a terse summary of the observed means across the countries.
The latent mean differences analyses showed that athletes scored higher in mental toughness when compared to non-athletes.
Latent mean differences across groups were detected for expectancies concerning emotional fluidity, and the pattern of differences largely mirrored known differences in alcohol consumption patterns.
If these values are positive, we interpret them as indicating that the compared groups have higher latent mean values than the reference group and vice versa.
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