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We used structural equation model (SEM) fitting to partition the variance in latent liability into three components, i.e. genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental factors.
Liability to disease is defined as latent liability+Q1+Q2-Q4, where latent liability is determined by 51 SNPs in 15 genes involved in the VEGF pathway.
A threshold model was used [ 22], which assumes an underlying (latent) liability to a categorical variable such as smoking.
In doing so, we are modeling the observed group differences as a function of the differences in the latent liability.
In the case of a 4-point Likert scale, three thresholds divide the latent liability distribution into four categories.
In the present paper, the scores were recoded in such a way that three thresholds divide the latent liability distribution into four categories, of about equal size.
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# The model is parameterised using the sum of latent # liabilities in a twin pair and the # difference.
The model proposes a latent continuous liability, which is assumed to follow a normal distribution with mean 0 and variance 1.
Attrition was induced in the analyses by excluding observations with the highest scores on the latent variable liability of dropping out.
In the simple conceptualization of the model of no interaction on the probit scale, different causes contribute independently and additively to some underlying latent construct (liability), and disease follows when this exceeds a threshold.
In quantitative genetic analysis of a complex disease we usually assume a latent susceptibility (or liability) that varies between individuals [21].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com