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This collection can be used to identify proteins with latent activities capable of altering normal cellular metabolism.
Prominent examples of latent phenotypes are those of promiscuous enzymes [ 3], which have one primary, adaptive catalytic activity, and one or more latent activities.
These studies highlight the scope of latent activities harbored within existing genomes and provide insight into the flexibility of modern metabolism.
Applied microbiology seeks, for example, to identify the latent activities of microorganisms and to enhance these activities at the industrial level by strain improvement.
Loosening the epistatic constraints inherent in modern enzymes as a result of their evolutionary history offers another approach that may facilitate the identification of latent activities.
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Initiation of transcription, due to some latent activating activity is present in approximately 5% of all proteins and even more in randomly generated fragments (like in libraries).
Specifically, expression of the gene Neprilysin-1 in the developing visual system of Drospophila santomea derives from the co-option of enhancer sequences active in other tissues that exhibited latent activity in the optic lobes of the last common ancestor of D. santomea and D. yakuba.
Despite this requirement for full activation, a PR126A/PR229A mutant enzyme was found to exhibit some latent activity, albeit 80-fold lower than that of the mature enzyme [ 77].
He also observes that, "White tends to be as much tied up by Black's latent activity as Black himself is tied up by White's space advantage".
This latent activity suggests the original preparation had some IDE that was already adducted or otherwise inhibited by oxidation consistent with our finding of a low level of glutathionation (Figure 5).
Gene duplication provides another mechanism for the overproduction of a gene product with latent activity.
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