Sentence examples for late respondents from inspiring English sources

Past research has shown that non-respondents behave similar to the late respondents or respondents that respond after a reminder [35].

As suggested by Hikmet and Chen [ 40], the potential for such a bias was first assessed by comparing the 156 "late" respondents (i.e. those responding after having received the reminder) with the 624 "early" respondents.

The possibility of a response bias in the data was assessed by comparing the 37 "late" respondents (i.e., those who responded after receiving the second reminder) with the 126 "early" respondents.

Early respondents in this study were defined as those who responded before any reminder was sent, and late respondents were defined as all those who answered after the reminder was emailed.

Despite similarity within most demographic characteristics of early respondents and late respondents, current employment status exhibited the significant difference in the non-response bias test.

Referring to insignificant t statistics, the comparison of early and late respondents did not reveal a significant difference on firm size (t = −6.834, p = .196) and age (t = 5.218, p = .173).173

In the early respondent group, there were more currently employed respondents than the late respondent group, while more retired respondents were found in the late responses than in the early responses (p < .05).05

There was no statistically significant difference in EC use among girls aged 14 years (p = 0.37) whereas EC use was higher in late-respondents aged 16 (p = 0.007) or 18 years (p = 0.003).

Respondents did not differ from non-respondents in age or gender, nor were there differences between early and late responders.

Under the assumption that characteristics of later respondents are close to those of non-respondents (Armstrong and Overton 1977), non-response bias was assessed by comparing demographic characteristics of early 20% respondents and late 20% respondents.

Although non-responder bias cannot be formally assessed from an online questionnaire, a binary variable coding for individual entry date into the study was created (i.e. before and after the date of the second distribution of the questionnaire in March 2011) to investigate differences between early and late survey respondents.