Financial incentives can help with lasting transitions into work, but the incentives were often set too low or were too short-term to have an effect.
All these studies indicated that the Credit can assist with lasting transitions from benefits to work through helping with day-to-day budgeting, clearing existing debts and boosting people's confidence about their financial situation once in work.
But the last transition unfolded over 20 years.
The only precedent is the last transition, when Kim Jong-il took over after the 1994 death of his father, Kim Il-sung, and uncertainty over his true authority lasted years.
This rush may well make the process even less democratic and representative of all Egyptians than the last transition from military rule to Mr. Morsi's government.
Because inversion of the spinning electron during the last transition can require a relatively long time, the emission does not immediately cease when the absorption ceases.
Experts say it repeats many mistakes of the last transition, including shielding the military from civilian oversight and promising to follow Shariah law.
The current rise in energy of the atmosphere above that of pre-industrial times, by about 3 Watt per square meter, is about half that of the atmospheric energy rise during the last transition from glacial to interglacial state.
Olusegun Obasanjo of the PDP, who as head of state in 1976 79 had overseen the last transition from military rule, was declared the winner and was sworn in on May 29.
Given that Brearley's last transition involved elaborate farewell ceremonies for the headmistress and an 18-month search for her replacement, the abrupt resignation left many scratching their heads.
"The last transition took place over a period of 10 years or so, during which Kim Il-sung gradually gave authority to Kim Jong-il," said Joel Wit, a former State Department negotiator with the North who founded the Web site 38 North, which follows the country's murky politics.
