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The smallholder dairy sector is the largest subsector in the Malawian dairy industry, accounting for about 49,193 tonnes of milk in 2008, which is approximately 80%% of the total milk production (Chagunda et al. 2006; DAHLD 2008).
The selection of processing unit for this study is justified on the fact that milk and milk products sector is the second largest subsector in the food-processing industry next to commodities (pulses and cereals).
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The obtained results for medium and large firms in this subsector (FDT) indicate that the average of the estimated technical efficiency for medium and large firms in this subsector is close to each other to some extent, and it indicates the closeness of the used technology level in this group of firms with the estimated technology for metafrontier function.
Separate stochastic frontier production function estimation for small, medium and large firms of each subsector which is similar to the first approach, but here k is considered in the estimation.
The obtained results for medium and large firms in this subsector (MMR) indicates that the average of the estimated technical efficiency is to some extent close to each other, and it indicates the closeness of the technology level used in this group of firms with the estimated technology for metafrontier function.
The obtained results for medium and large firms in this subsector (TSL) indicate that ignoring the assumption of the homogeneity of technology in the studied firms can remarkably have an effect on the development of the fluctuations of technical efficiency calculation between firms.
The average of the estimated technical efficiency for medium and large firms in this subsector is close to each other to some extent, and it indicates the closeness of the technology level used in this group of firms with the estimated technology for metafrontier function.
The obtained results for medium and large firms in this subsector (MP) show that the averages of the estimated technical efficiency are to some extent close to each other, and this indicates the closeness of the technology level used in this group of firms with the estimated technology for metafrontier function.
The averages of the estimated technical efficiency for medium and large firms in this subsector are relatively different from each other, and this indicates that the technology level used in this group of firms has distance from the estimated technology for frontier function.
The chemical medicines subsector is the largest in China's pharmaceutical industry, and China is the largest exporter of active pharmaceutical ingredients [ 28].
"As has been the case for 56 years," the report states, "the religion subsector received the largest share of charitable dollars".
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