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In this study, the largest measurement error for translation is in the distal-proximal direction.
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The largest measurement errors in the study were noted for movements of active abduction and flexion, both of which are movements involving potentially large contributions by other joints.
Studies have shown that large measurement error associated with spot measures (mostly reflecting exposure variability and rapid biological clearance) can contribute to exposure misclassification and increase the likelihood for biased statistical associations (Armstrong 1998; Jurek et al. 2006).
A good intra- and interobserver reliability (ICC > 0.86) but large measurement error for the axial CR compared to CT was measured (Limits of Reproducibility as quantification of the measurement error was 18 mm for axial CR and 4 mm for CT).
The performances of the method were tested with two different covariance functions (Gaussian and exponential) and also with large measurement error.
The averaging was necessary to minimise the relatively large measurement error when the changes were small.
The optimist will, however, be confident that the drawback of larger measurement error will be offset by a considerably lower sampling error (Mayer-Schönberger and Cukier 2013).
In most cases, the indoor environments contain various objects, which cause a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition, and the ranging distance with TW-TOA may have the large measurement error in the NLOS condition.
Leuven and Oosterbeek (2011) points out that the measurement error in the key variables in the ORU analysis is likely to contain an even larger measurement error since both over and undereducation are defined as the difference between acquired and required years of schooling and that this leads to the measurement error becoming more severe.
We excluded the delta band because of the likelihood of large measurement error due, for example, to residual eye movement artifacts as has been found in other studies [17].
Consequently, latent-level model constraints take stronger control of the latent's identify with larger measurement error variance specifications.
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