Excessive body weight is largely responsible for the dramatic increase in the prevalence of various chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal diseases, and some significant cancers which cause premature death and substantial disability, and can cause large life expectancy reductions in the population [ 7, 8].
Nowadays, Spain is the country with the second largest overall life expectancy at birth after Japan (OECD 2015b).
Because health insurance increases the utilization of an array of medical goods and services, the impact of providing private supplemental insurance to the elderly is predicted to be relatively large, improving life expectancy in the population by about 11 months.
The UK has experienced one of the largest slowdowns in life expectancy growth among 20 of the world's leading economies, official figures show.
Although unable to give an exact sense of how long an individual could expect to extend their live with the treatment, Wu is confident this will lead to the largest jump in life expectancy the human race has ever seen.
The largest reduction in life expectancy was seen for individuals with eating disorders and personality disorders namely an alarming 39 years reduction in life expectancy for uncomplicated eating disorders, and 27.5 for those with a complicated personality disorder.
56 A study nominated Denmark (out of 5 countries in Europe) as the country that would gain the largest reduction in life expectancy differences if the lowest educational group adopted the risk factor distribution of the highest educated, while in other countries it would have a rather small effect.
The largest reduction in life expectancy was seen for individuals with eating disorders (39 YLL for those with uncomplicated diagnosis) and personality disorders (27.5 YLL for those with complicated diagnosis), however, as most deaths were seen in individuals with depression and schizophrenia, these conditions accounted for the greatest number of YLL.
If such an analysis had been done, the results could have been similar to those observed in the present study, with larger increases in mortality for current smokers versus never smokers, and also larger reductions in life expectancy for smokers born in more recent decades than for smokers born earlier.
Yet evidence from value-of-life studies suggests that this is not the case: value-of-life estimates based on large increases in life expectancy are typically lower than those based on small increases.
