Notice r 2 ( t ) = − a 2 ( t ) − β 2 ( t ) 2, this phenomenon may be caused by the large death rate of predator a 2 ( t ) or the noise density β 2 ( t ).
Therefore, there are more cell divisions for a larger death rate, and as a consequence, more 1-hit mutants are produced.
We find a stable, physiologically non-trivial steady state for β > β crit that reflects the need for β to be large enough (to generate enough productively infected cells) to overcome the large death rate of productively infected cells.
The borough of the Bronx in New York City has among the largest AIDS-related death rate per capita in the United States (10 times the national average [ 33]) that some are declaring are of "epidemic proportions".
From Table 1 we learn that shorter life span of DCs, e.g., due to large local death rates, provides a relative advantage to SC proliferation.
Root biomass can be large and the death rate is also substantial as roots constantly grow to search for nutrient and water.
where n ( ν, t ) represents the number density of particles of size ν at time t and B B, D B, B C and D C represent the birth rate due to the break-up of larger particles, the death rate due to the break-up into smaller particles, the birth rate due to the coalescence of smaller particles, and the death rate due to the coalescence with other particles, respectively.
We assume that before treatment starts, all cells satisfy l>d, that is, the division rate is larger than their death rate.
However, in cell culture system, the clearance of virions usually is not much larger than the death rate of infected cells, like in vivo (see below).
Estimates of parameters taking into account left-censoring or not are shown in Table 2. Differences between estimates according to the method used were large on the death rate infected cells, δ.
