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For the two largest clearances shown in Fig. 10 a, the fracture initiation is followed by a slight drop in F y.
For the largest clearances used (0.25h, one clamp; 0.50h, two clamps), the tool displacement, |U y |, required to initiate fracture was exceptionally large (compared to the required |U y | at smaller clearances) and resulted in rough sheared surfaces, as also observed by Gustafsson et al. (2016).
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The smoothest surface, however, was obtained with the largest clearance that yielded satisfactory results, namely 0.20h and 0.40h for one and two clamps, respectively.
The glycosyl hydrolase selected for this study, GLV12_5, was derived from a fosmid exhibiting the strongest CMC hydrolysis halo (seen as the largest clearance zone in Fig. 1).
This tendency is different from that obtained by the hole expansion test, wherein stretch-flange formability is improved in large clearances.
The new range of high performance FS casing tubing seals from James Walker has been designed to handle the arduous task of sealing between pipe members with large clearances at surface wellheads.
As with other applications, they are required not only to be highly efficient, reliable, and compact but also to possess hemocompatibility characteristics, such as large clearances between the rotor and stator and the use of noncontact bearing systems, to ensure long-term patient support.
The investigated models do, however, exhibit similar response characteristics for the impact force, tip lift response, and work rate, except for the Connors-based model that overestimates the response and the tube/support interaction parameters for the loose support case, especially at large clearances.
Larger clearances required abnormal tool displacements and produced rough surfaces.
In all cases, the strains at a given tool displacement were larger at small clearances than at large clearances.
Consequently, larger clearances could be used when shearing with two clamps than with one clamp.
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