Capillary-like tube formation by human microvascular endothelial cells in a 3D plasma-derived fibrinous matrix was induced by FGF-2 and TNF-α and depended largely on cell-bound u-PA and plasmin activities.
The kinetics of oil accumulation and turnover so far reported in Chlamydomonas have been based largely on cells cultivated in shake flasks [ 14, 40].
Biomonitoring is a research topic that has largely relied on cell culture systems.
The susceptibility to EGCG treatment is largely dependent on cell type.
Metastasis is a complex process largely dependent on cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM /basement membrane that triggers various signaling pathways, thereby allowing cancer cells to remodel the ECM, which is followed by cancer cell invasion, migration and establishment at a new site.
A large body of work demonstrates that the mitogen activated protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2) are critical for angiogenesis: however, the data is largely based on cell culture studies using dominant negative genes, siRNA and small molecule inhibitors to antagonize the kinases that lie upstream of ERK in the signaling pathway [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22].
However, CSC discrimination approaches largely rely on cell membrane phenotyping without taking into account the genetic characteristics of the tumour cell subpopulation.
71 Discovery and development of new metal-based anticancer agents is largely based on cell viability assays (IC50 values), intracellular accumulation and distribution studies.
Other mechanisms of endocrine resistance, largely based on cell lines and cell line xenografts, include the utilization of alternate signaling pathways (such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR or human epidermal growth factor B2 receptor/HER2), increased AP1 expression, deregulation of ER-associated co-regulators, or deregulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis [ 69].
