(That gap is more than 10percentt of this year's budget of $71 billion; about 80percentt of the budget is mandated, largely outside a governor's discretion).
Lead exposure declined dramatically beginning in the late 1970s largely because of mandated removal of lead from gasoline, from paint, and to a lesser extent, from solder used in cans (Annest et al. 1983; Pirkle et al. 1994).
Mr. Spano, who earns $119,085 a year, presides over a budget of $1.2 billion, but the vast majority of it is devoted to programs mandated and largely financed by the state and federal governments, like social services.
Over the past three years, the county raised its sales tax by a quarter of a percent, increased property taxes and dipped deep into a tax stabilization fund to meet budget problems largely driven by higher mandated costs.
Teachers nowadays spend much of their class time preparing students for and administering mandated (and largely unfunded) benchmarks and high-stakes testing at year's end.
However, this seems like a semantic problem that could be largely solved by mandating that the CIA specialists in question be granted military ranks and ordered to wear uniforms while sitting at their computer terminals.
But Cuomo has never questioned the validity of Common Core, which suggests the mandated review will largely be for show.
Under the new law, the superintendent, a constitutionally mandated position, has largely ceremonial duties, including writing an annual report, overseeing the teacher of the year awards program and developing ways for schools to store toxic chemicals.
BUT even largely successful mandates, like the one on autos, often bring little-noticed costs.
Several executives said a turning point came in March, over a largely symbolic mandate that all employees switch to AOL e-mail.
