Neither loss of tel1 or yku (Fig 2D, lanes 5 12) prevented telomere elongation by tpz1-Snm, suggesting that the latter allele largely acts downstream of their action.
Although events upstream of activation of caspase-3 were not investigated and may play a role, the expression of high levels of caspase-3 in active RA indicate that inhibition of apoptosis may largely occur downstream of caspase-3 activation.
Geographically, cluster α was largely distributed in the north, downstream of the Sarine valley, while cluster β was preferentially found upstream in the south.
Importantly, in the presence of the inhibitor, the Pol II-induced footprint changes over the TATA box, the Inr, and in between were largely abolished, while the protection downstream of the Inr were partially altered, suggesting that the full engagement of Pol II is significantly disrupted by the tin compound along a major portion of the promoter (lane 6).
In CM patients, levels of all metabolites that lie downstream of KYN were largely reduced, with the exception of ANA levels, which were dramatically increased, and XA levels, which were increased to a much lower extent.
However, the portion of the pathway that lies downstream of cyclization remains largely unknown.
The identity of such extrinsic signals and the intrinsic factors that regulate interneuron differentiation downstream of LHX6 remain largely unknown.
While the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway have been studied in detail, the global networks downstream of SMAD remain largely unknown.
The 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) that synthesize β-amyrin [ 11] and dammarenediol-II [ 12, 13] have been characterized in Panax ginseng; however, the portion of the pathway that lies downstream of cyclization remains largely unknown.
As our current understanding of intracellular signalling pathways downstream of CXCR4 is largely through in vitro studies, it is not well understood to what extent these multiple signal transduction pathways are shared among the different cell types or between normal vs malignant cells.
