Sentence examples for large-scale dispersal from inspiring English sources

Potential environmental as well as socio-economic effects of the cultivation of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (OSR) may be caused by large-scale dispersal of transgenes.

For large-scale dispersal, recurrent infections along migratory flyways are thus necessary to favour HP H5N1 spread.

This suggests potentially complex patterns where some individuals are site attached while others make large-scale dispersal movements, but there are no direct data for most species.

The large-scale dispersal of Japanese knotweed and mugwort, invasive species with contrasting introduction histories in the US, could be explained by secondary dispersal from primary introduction sites into adjacent counties.

Large-scale dispersal may also favor pathogen emergence by generating novel diversity via the horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne genes (Qiu et al. 2004).

The medium- and large-scale dispersal of aphids is favored by polyphenism: apterous and winged aphids are produced simultaneously by a given clonal population [ 11, 12].

Large-scale dispersals cause populations to diverge as they subsequently accumulate mutations and experience genetic drift, while individual mobility over smaller geographical scales counteracts these forces by sharing genetic variants between populations.

This study aims to understand this fundamental issue in the evolutionary ecology of populations, the apparently contradicting evidence for large scale dispersal mediating vast (re colonisations concurrently with persistent, fine scale genetic discontinuities in older refugial regions.

We conclude that large-scale migration and dispersal processes over the oceans are largely driven by spatiotemporal wind patterns, which opens new avenues of research to explore invasion routes or commonly supposed anomalous distributions of organisms that use wind either active or passively for their transport.

This study provides a novel approach to investigate wind-mediated movements in oceanic environments and shows that large-scale migration and dispersal processes over the oceans can be largely driven by spatiotemporal wind patterns.

Species richness patterns have been hypothesised to be under the influence of biotic interactions (Michalet et al., 2006), among other drivers such as large-scale evolutionary forces and dispersal (Zobel & Pärtel, 2008).