This is in contrast to the pattern of decline observed in studies involving the MCAT [ 12, 14] and with generally larger validity coefficients than reported by Yates and James [ 17].
Studies based on self-reported ETS exposure probably provide even larger validity concerns than self-reported active smoking and do not properly account for all possible exposures at home, work, and in public places [ 8, 9].
As outlined before, if reward-induced motivation affects the actual orienting of attention, one would expect larger validity effects, because observers would be more motivated to direct attention to the cued location, since this location contains the target on the majority of trials.
RT revealed large response validity effects in both experiments.
As with any large model, validity and parameter identifiability are concerns.
There was moderate to large criterion validity between the PFIT-s and the three other functional tests.
To establish or confirm a polymorphism with large external validity, but with weak effect size, it is necessary to design larger studies or use meta-analysis.
However, due to the pragmatic design, the study will have a large external validity and it is expected that a potential effect is at least not overestimated.
If the ELIPS intervention proves to be successful, the results will have large external validity as it is performed in a real-life setting with a representative sample.
The results may have a large external validity since our study population had clinical characteristics, such as hypertension and normo- or microalbuminuria, that are common to the large majority of type 2 diabetic subjects.
