Nomadic pastoralists (cf. Næss et al. 2009 for a definition) inhabit marginal areas characterized by large temporal stochasticity in environmental conditions which have the potential of influencing animal survival (Behnke 2000; Mace 1991; Behnke and Scoones 1993; Coulson et al. 2001; Coulson et al. 2000; DelGiudice et al. 2002; Patterson and Messier 2000).
In other words, a lower inverse temperature indicates a larger choice stochasticity, and thus that the option with higher expected value should be chosen less often, which in turn leads to reduced choice accuracy.
Under the same rate of change, smaller and more slowly reproducing sexual populations would suffer from larger environmental stochasticity, and demographic factors may lead to extinction even when populations have the necessary genetic variation to evolve (Lynch and Lande 1993; Hoffmann and Sgro 2011).
Damped LD oscillations imply (i) only transient selection for or against sex/recombination in the deterministic regime, and (ii) a large impact of stochasticity (i.e. of finite populations) on the evolution of sex/recombination.
A mechanistic assessment of the processes leading to the coreceptor switch in HIV infected patients is difficult - and maybe even inadequate - due to the large variability and stochasticity of the underlying processes in vivo.
Due to stochasticity, large clades (produced if, by chance, multiple speciation events happened early in the diversification) and small clades (produced if, by chance, few speciation events happened early in the diversification) will both tend to go back to the average speciation rate following a regression effect.
Indeed, in the stochastic model, fluctuations due to demographic stochasticity were larger than the differences seen here.
The model thus assumes euploid (not mixed) genotypes, random mating between genotypes, and an infinitely large population with no stochasticity (deterministic model).
Indeterminist physicists and philosophers are ready to acknowledge that macroscopic repeatability is usually obtainable, where phenomena are so large-scale that quantum stochasticity gets washed out.
If Open image in new window is a rough estimate of t ij, then the measurement error can be much larger than the inherent stochasticity of the travel time, i.e., |δ ij | > > |s ij |.
