The large scale specimens consisted of outer diameters of 20 to 24 in.
The method was proven by a large number of creep crack initiation results from small and large scale specimens as well as components.
One-side, low cost carbon/epoxy patches were laminated on large scale specimens, which were tested and subsequently modelled with the finite element method.
For both, evaluation of fracture energy reveals similar values and trends, and the comparison between different specimen sizes reveals a size effect resulting in lower tensile strength and fracture energy values when dealing with large scale specimens.
Thirty three small and large scale specimens, including slender columns, tested by four different researchers are numerically analyzed for this crucial relation between the behavior of concrete and composite jacket.
Results indicate that elastic modulus and fracture toughness values are comparable to bulk values, whereas bending strength appears to be much higher for these nanobeams than for larger scale specimens, thus revealing a size effect.
After this first loading, the uniformly strained gauge-section of the large-scale specimen was machined to smaller standard specimens.
A large-scale specimen of the joint was conceived and collapse tested while, in parallel, design simulations were carried out at different levels of detail.
Issues relevant to large-scale specimen banking were discussed, including program design, sample design, data collection, tissue collection, and ethical ramifications.
The third day of the symposium consisted of a small workshop convened to discuss and develop recommendations to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regarding applications and utility of large-scale specimen banking, biological monitoring, and biological markers for risk assessment activities.
Six large-scale specimens were designed.
