Large-scale progress produces vast amounts of cash that flows through the hands of multinationals and government officials with little trickle down to the average African.
The conference, ushering in the UN International Year of Sanitation 2008, seeks to expose the costs of inadequate sanitation, the untapped benefits of improved sanitation, and flag immediate actions that governments, the public and private sectors need to take for large-scale progress.
Several aspects of translational research likely will be crucial in advancing the identification of novel, effective treatment approaches and their implementation on a large scale, including progress in the identification of novel targets for treatments, efforts to advance early translational studies, and approaches to overcome current roadblocks to translational research efforts.
Many new processes, such as patient assessment and training, were set up according to the needs of the RCT protocol, but as large scale implementation progressed, it became clear that these processes were poorly aligned with the specific needs of the existing local context, but could not be adapted.
Several high throughput genotyping platforms have been developed for commercial use [29], and provide opportunities for the maize community to speed up research progress for large scale diversity analysis, high density linkage map construction, high resolution quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, LD analysis and genome-wide association studies.
Confirmatory data may come from large scale intervention trials currently in progress (24, 25).
A large scale epidemiological study is in progress using this assay technique as a way to identify pregnancies that are lost before becoming clinically apparent.
The idea of direct casting wire directly from metallic alloy melt has been around for long but for many reasons has not progressed to large scale commercialization.
The generation of solar-fuels, such as hydrogen, via CSP-thermal receiver/reactor technology has progressed from large scale demonstration to preliminary commercial venture.
Yet we now know that achieving sustainability progress on a large scale will require significant shifts in public policy, consumer behavior and other systems, with the private sector playing an important role in creating the political and social pressure for positive change.
