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They are a major factor in genome evolution due to their ability to create large scale mutations and genome rearrangements.
Over the course of evolution, proteins undergo normal sequence mutations as well as large scale mutations involving domain duplication and/or domain shuffling.
It is interesting to note that all of these genomic rearrangements are already present in the primary tumor, suggesting that large scale mutations accumulate quickly in early oncogenesis of ovarian cancer.
Our analysis revealed large scale mutations (deletions or IS 6110 insertions) in 22 of a potential 69 (23 × 3) plcABC genes analysed and indicated that 5 isolates (M. bovis, M. bovis (BCG), M. microti, Dassie bacillus and T92) had functional loss of all 3 plcABC genes (Table 3).
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Recently, a large scale mutation screen in the coding region of FTO in 1,433 severely obese and 1,433 lean humans revealed novel mutations [ 120].
In order to rule out the presence of observed mutation in normal population, an assay was utilized for large scale mutation detection using PCR-RFLP technique.
Large scale mutation detection is feasible using GBS as we have identified nearly five times larger number of genes than that of previous studies [ 23].
Transposable elements play an important role for genome organization and evolution as substantial providers of large scale mutation events, creating genetic variability that natural selection can act upon [ 1].
While short insertion/deletions are handled much like nucleotide substitutions, larger scale mutations, such as inversions, are not currently handled by our Galaxy tools, despite the fact that they are believed to sometimes directly influence phenotypic differences between populations [ 60, 61].
Thus an enormous amount of work, likely involving larger scale mutation screening efforts to gain more analytic precision, tests of segregation to examine penetrance and tumor spectrum, and perhaps development of functional assays to aid evaluation of rare missense substitutions, remains to be performed on with MRE11A, RAD50, and NBN.
Large-scale mutations can include gain and loss or duplication of large segments, generated by unequal recombination or other processes.
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