At a first step, the hydrological model IHMS-HBV was calibrated using both local and large scale forcing data (precipitation and temperature) aiming to assess the suitability of large scale forcing data in a small basin, Platis, located in Crete, for the period 1974 1999.
While the hypotheses to explain it at regional scale are still underway [43], [45], in this work we propose that the changes observed in the Adriatic and Ligurian seas are an ecosystem-wide response to some type of large scale forcing.
Based on our current knowledge of the relationships between zooplankton and pelagic nekton communities and the environment, we expect that changes in large scale forcing and water-mass contributions could cause ecologically significant shifts in both species diversity and the ecosystem functions performed by the zooplankton and pelagic nekton communities.
Similar withdrawals, on a much larger scale, forced Lehman into bankruptcy, as banks, hedge funds and others took steps to shield their own interests even though it helped set in motion the broader market crisis.
This formulation is based on an adaptive procedure that progressively modifies the spectral mesh at the large scales, forcing a resolution requirement set by the user.
The myth of "burden sharing" that is supposed to lie at the heart of responses to large-scale forced migration crises is epitomised by the EU-Turkey deal.
For example, there has been unlawful concentration of land by established oil palm growers and new investors in municipalities that have been subject to large-scale forced displacement and land grabbing.
The density reduction rate and the equation system with large-scale forcing are given below.
It has been confirmed that the RCF scheme works intrinsically in the same manner as the conventional large-scale forcing scheme.
The proposed forcing scheme, named reduced-communication forcing (RCF), is based on the same idea as the conventional large-scale forcing scheme, but requires much less data communication, leading to a high parallel efficiency.
Weather and climatic characterization of rainfall extremes is both of scientific and societal value for hydrometeorological risk management, yet discrimination of local and large-scale forcing remains challenging in data-scarce environments.
