However, there is no evidence to suggest they have ever caused a large scale epidemic of PRRS with fatal cases among grown sows [12], [25], [43].
To the Editor: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) first emerged in Indian Ocean islands off the eastern coast of Africa in 2005 and was responsible for large-scale epidemics on the islands of Réunion, Comoros, Mayotte, Mauritius, Madagascar, and Seychelles (1 – 4 ).
Although no large-scale epidemics of communicable diseases have been reported in NK since 1988, numerous public health problems have intensified.
Although not discussed in depth here, it is now recognized that viral mutation and a change in vector specificity were important drivers in the large-scale epidemics of CHIKV in the Indian Ocean region.
Interactions with the habitat structure of the rodent host community may reflect some of the mechanisms through which climate, topography and vegetation (it is hard to avoid the impression that forest belts seem to act as boundaries) seem to form a barrier to plague occurrence, a barrier that seems to break down under some circumstances to allow the large-scale epidemics of history.
"Fortunately, we have not had large scale epidemics or hundreds of lives lost, but the children who are affected by these disasters live under extremely vulnerable conditions and with the cyclone season still in full force, we are concerned about potential deterioration".
This was followed by a large scale epidemic in the following rainy season of 2006 and, in May 2006, nearly 26% of inhabitants were estimated to be infected with CHIKV [19].
Data from the World Health Organization indicate that the region is currently experiencing a large-scale epidemic of cardiovascular disease.
These efforts effectively avoided a potentially large-scale epidemic of AHC in Taipei City.
Violent conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) over the past decade has been associated with a large-scale epidemic of rape [1], [2].
It was subsequently confirmed as the first large-scale epidemic of a recombinant HIV-1 strain in the world [5,7].
