This rapid adaptation is mediated by the accumulation of an alarmone molecule called (p ppGpp that binds to RNA polymerase, resulting in a large-scale down-regulation of the translation apparatus [ 5].
Large-scale down-regulation of gene expression was observed in the susceptible cultivar IAC 165, particularly transcripts whose encoded products annotate to Gene Ontology (GO) functional categories of plant growth regulator signaling and metabolism, biogenesis of cellular components, and cell division.
Within our dataset, this is evident in the large-scale down-regulation of signaling components (Table 2), including wall-associated kinases (WAKs) of which several members are down-regulated (directly or indirectly) by GPC (E.g. isogroups 14599 and 13361, (DEseq P≤0.01, Edge R P≤0.01 and MWW P≤0.05, Additional file 3).
This is a well-known phenomenon in gas dynamics that results when there is low viscosity in flowing fluids, so the motions become chaotic eddies that transfer kinetic and magnetic energy and momentum from large scales down to small sizes.
And, although Instagram had a fraction of the user base it does today, that night we saw a preview of what Instagram would enable at a much larger scale down the road.
"NSQIP has the power to let us examine complications and outcomes on a large scale, drill down and make systemwide changes, then see their effects".
Now, in a first-ever experiment on critically ill elderly people, Medicare will examine whether what worked for Mr. Hebenstreit will work on a large scale and bring down medical costs.
With appropriate techniques, Ca2+ signals can be recorded at many levels of complexity, ranging from large scale neuronal networks down to individual presynaptic boutons or postsynaptic spines.
When the number of BS antennas grows larger, we can scale down P U or/and P D by the number of antennas while maintaining the desired performance.
"We're able to look at the whole range of scales -- everything from the continents on the larger scale right down to high-resolution images of individual mountain peaks," or smaller clumps of galaxies, said Dr. Matthew Colless, a 2dF member at the Australian National University.
