Cognitive impairments during euthymia in people in all stages of bipolar disorder have been reported by several meta-analyses, with findings of medium to large effect in processing speed, verbal learning and memory, non-verbal memory, working memory, verbal fluency, sustained attention and executive functions (Arts et al. 2008; Bora et al. 2009; Bourne et al. 2013; Mann-Wrobel et al. 2011).
To date, there has only been one meta-analysis on cognitive functioning in first-episode bipolar disorder, with the findings of deficits ranging from small to large effect for processing speed, attention, verbal learning and memory and executive functions in patients relative to HCs (Lee et al. 2014).
In comparison, a recent meta-analysis of 12 studies on cognition in first-episode bipolar disorder in adults by Lee et al. (2014) found deficits of medium to large effect for processing speed, cognitive flexibility and attention and working memory, with smaller effects identified for deficits in verbal learning and memory and ability to maintain set and verbal fluency.
Patients with schizophrenia have pronounced impairments in general intelligence level (IQ), verbal memory and processing speed, with large effect sizes of 1.0 and higher [1] [7].
SeqPig supports ad hoc (scripted and interactive) distributed manipulation and analysis of large sequencing datasets so that processing speed scales with the number of available computing nodes.
GHOSTZ, using database subsequence clustering, achieved an ∼2-fold increase in processing speed, without a large decrease in search accuracy.
Moreover if data is well normalized then for large datasets, it will expedite the processing speed in searching the elements.
Moreover, if the experimental data are well normalized, then in case of large datasets, they will expedite the processing speed and reduce time in searching and analyzing the elements.
Generally speaking, a smaller value for the lower threshold slows down the processing speed, whereas a larger value can decrease recall; for the higher threshold, a greater value potentially increases precision but reduces recall and a smaller value increases recall but potentially hinder precision.
Data from the Grooved Pegboard Tests were excluded from assessment of processing speed because of a large number of unusually high values.
