Testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in the cervix has been shown to be an effective mean for cervical cancer prevention in large population trials carried out in different countries with huge differences in social, cultural and economical background (Bulkmans et al, 2007; Naucler et al, 2007; Sankaranarayanan et al, 2009; Ronco et al, 2010).
Both studies based on double-testing of the same women [ 1, 2] and large population trials [ 3- 8] showed that testing for the DNA of high-risk HPV types is more sensitive but less specific than conventional cytology in identifying high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).
This distribution is in agreement with those reported in larger population trials [ 17, 21].
The REM assumption that trials included in a meta-analysis are a random sample from a large population of trials would seem to be less defendable in the context of systematic reviews, which, by definition, aim at the inclusion of all published and unpublished trials considered as the population from which this assumption is being inferred (Villar et al, 2001).
Large population screening trials like the ERSPC, PCPT and PLCO have noted that men with seemingly low PSA (even as low as 0.5 ng/dL) still can have prostate cancer.
For example, observational methods can be impractical in large scale population trials, they are intrusive (video observation is the most frequently stated reasons for families to not participate in a research project, specifically in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods [ 42]) thus contributing to subject attrition and biased non-representative samples of families.
Two large population-based trials of PC screening have been published [ 14, 15] and have provided conflicting evidence about the benefits of PC screening.
In this study, a large base population trial of open-pollinated Eucalyptus globulus was used to study the quantitative genetic architecture of wood chemical components (lignin, S/G, extractives, and cellulose) and their genetic correlation with traits under artificial selection (growth, wood density, and pulp yield; Stackpole et al. 2010b).
This includes machine learning about financial markets and investments, transportation (from traditional freight and taxis to modern ride-sharing apps), health care management, large population dynamics, clinical trials and internet advertising.
One large population-based trial from Kenya compared praziquantel 40 mg/kg given once a year to metrifonate 10 mg/kg given three times a year.
Data derived from the Tromso Study, a large population-based trial, identified sex and age as modulators of the inverse relationship between PA and carotid atherosclerosis [ 43, 44].
