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The procedures involved the use of focus groups, expert item review, cognitive interviewing, item administration to a large population of children and adolescents, and item response theory (IRT) analyses to create banks of items specific to selected domains [ 3- 5].
PROMIS pediatric measures were developed using qualitative and quantitative methods (focus groups, expert item review, cognitive interviewing, and item administration to a large population of children and adolescents) to create banks of items specific to selected symptoms and quality of life [ 11, 14- 17] for use in children 8 to 17 years of age [ 10, 12, 13].
In addition, there is a large population of families.
There is a large population of Italians, as well.
Recent evidence from large populations of patients has confirmed that single-item scales are valid and reliable to assess symptom severity, psychosocial function, and quality of life [78].
Big ships also have economic advantages over airlines: they have large populations of captive diners, and the cruise lines do their purchasing and preparation in such enormous quantities that their costs per meal are extremely low, even for fancy items.
Wet grasslands support large populations of waders.
Large populations of dugongs live there.
In this paper, we assume that the population of items is composed of two ordered subpopulations and the elimination of weak items by using environmental shocks is considered.
IRT requires the items to be pre-tested on a large population in order to estimate the probability that an item is answered correctly by examinees of different competency levels.
Protohistoric refers to the period when American Indians were exposed to European trade items and large population shifts occurred because of introduced European diseases and warfare, but there is very little direct written documentation.
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