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As a consequence there is a only a single genotype to code for each phenotype, and large phenotypic differences will require large genotypic differences.
The position of colorectal tumour cell lines as 'epithelial' subcluster rather than forming an out-group suggests that the origin of these cells is subordinate to the phenotype (epithelial or fibroblastic), underscoring the large phenotypic differences induced by EMT.
Thus, the large phenotypic differences that we observe between extant breeds of domestic species or between different ecotypes in wild species must be correlated also to differences at the transcriptome level.
We see that very different genomes can give rise to the same phenotype, and that small genotypic differences can lead to both small and large phenotypic differences.
Modern human populations exhibit large phenotypic differences in morphological and physiological traits such as pigmentation, hair shape, body shape and composition, and enzymatic activities.
One of the main results was the realization that large phenotypic differences could be the result of much simpler genetic differences than previously thought.
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Orr argued that tests for selection are more likely to be performed on traits that exhibit a large phenotypic difference and that having observed a large phenotypic difference, we are more likely to detect an excess of + alleles.
Under the test's null model, large numbers of + alleles are less likely given a small phenotypic difference than a large phenotypic difference.
Food intake analysis demonstrated statistically non-significant differences between Lean and Fat mice (data not shown) supporting previous findings that Lean and Fat mice, despite the large phenotypic difference, consume equal amounts of food [ 24].
Moreover, the largest phenotypic differences were mirrored by the most significant differences in gene expression.
Linear effects of breeding pond pH on trait values would indicate a linear increase/decrease in the trait means along the acidity gradient, and that larger phenotypic differences correlate with larger environmental differences (i.e. presumably with relative strength of divergent selection).
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