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Reverse characteristics of dark voltage current characteristic (DIV) as shown in Fig. 13 give a clear indication of significantly large leakage of current for NaOH-textured compared to NaOH NaOCl-textured c-Si solar cells.
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However, the charges cannot be retained in the cell when it is in LRS, which demonstrates the existence of a large leakage current, so the shift of the current minimum from zero voltage vanishes.
The large leakage currents of S-2 possibly originate from the formation of nanocrystals.
The deep trap states on the compact-TiOx surface leading to a large leakage current and recombination of charge carriers.
In spite of relatively large leakage current for the (3 0) sample compared to the traditional (0 3) one, it exhibits a converse magnetoelectric effect that follows the Hdc dependence of the piezomagnetic coefficient.
As a non-contact optical method, this technique can be usefully exploited in the characterization of ferroelectric or polar systems with a large leakage current.
From Fig. 1a, we know that the nucleation of the film without anti-solvent dripping is discontinuous, which leads to nano-radiative recombination of electrons and holes and causes a large leakage current between TiO2 and FASnI3.
The presence of oxygen vacancies is a main reason for the large leakage current [31].
Large leakage current and a very low magnetic moment are the two most disadvantages of BiFeO3 (BFO), which hinder the possibilities of its application in modern devices.
The increased density of positively charged trapping states in the depletion layer reduces the Schottky width/height, which results in the large leakage current simultaneously.
However, BFO has serious problems as a ferroelectric material, having quite a large leakage current density, especially at room temperature.
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