Then, on a large flip chart, the kind of thing an account manager in an Aylesbury marketing agency might swipe from his office (Aczel is, in real life, an account manager for an Aylesbury marketing agency), he began to write with a Magic Marker.
However, at large flip angles the excitation k-space based design method fails.
However, the design of large flip angle excitations, a prerequisite for many clinical applications, remains challenging due the non-linearity of the Bloch equation.
Kao woodsheds alone in an otherwise empty apartment in downtown San Francisco where he keeps an electronic keyboard, a stereo and several large flip pads of paper.
Compared with other proposed implementations of adapted rate RF pulses, our approach is compatible with any k-space trajectories, does not require an analytical expression of the gradient waveform and can be used for large flip angle excitation.
In this article, we thus investigate the simultaneous optimization of the 3D blipped k-space trajectory and of the kT-points RF pulses, using a magnitude least squares cost-function, with explicit constraints and in the large flip angle regime.
During the interviews, workers' responses were noted verbatim on a large flip chart visible to participants at all times.
A relatively large flip angle (up to 40°) can be used to minimize background signal around the high signal of the renal arteries [ 56].
Paschal and Morris [ 13] have suggested that central K-space imaged with large flip angles followed by K-space edges mapped with low refocusing angles should preserve MR contrast.
The long repetition time (TR) and large flip angles used in gradient echo imaging results in decreased saturation of the contrast-enhancing meninges in contrast to the markedly saturated background tissues.
