The recipients range from small start-ups to newly created businesses at large existing clients.
"We don't have a large, existing customer base to undercut," Mr. Sarles said.
"One reason why churches are building on large existing properties is parking," Dr. Vaughan said.
Proposing rules for large existing power plants in 2004, the Environmental Protection Agency gave the industry a range of options for meeting "national performance standards".
By and large, existing structures and land uses were allowed to remain, but new structures and new land uses were subjected to increasingly stringent regulation.
A Department for Education spokesman said: "The New Schools Network is a charity and an established support group with a large existing network of groups interested in opening schools.
The result confirms the idea that knowledge is a web of associations – when you have a large existing store of knowledge it is easy to spot patterns and so remember the positions of all the pieces.
"We have a large existing base of customers who are familiar with InterContinental," said Janis Cannon, the company's vice president for global brand management, noting that InterContinental's loyalty program had 40 million members.
