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In the L. johnsonii NCC 533 genome for example, large cell surface proteins were identified thought to be involved glycoprotein adhesion and persistence in the intestinal tract [12], [14].
As compared to the wild type cells, which under this heat stress condition exhibited a large cell surface CS, neither the bck1Δ nor wsc1Δ cells imaged by AFM presented this singular structure (Additional file 7: Figure S6).
Alveolar epithelial type I (ATI) cells are elongated squamous cells with a large cell surface, which, owing to their close proximity to endothelial cells of the alveolar capillaries, facilitate gas exchange in the lung.
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Nonetheless, the use of complex cells as targets has been shown to enable the identification of aptamers that bind large cell surface-specific markers, in their native conformation.
Conversely on featured surfaces the cocci had a larger cell:surface contact area, whereas rods that lay across features had a smaller cell:surface contact area.
The shape of the cell with respect to the shape of the substratum features influences the ease of removal of the cell from the surface: on smooth surfaces the cocci had a smaller cell:surface contact area, whereas the rods had a larger cell:surface contact area.
Thus lacunae formed in both the BMP-2 and BMP-4 transduced pellets and led to significantly larger cell surface areas compared with the non-chondrogenic controls.
The TGZ-treated cultures, in which 50 μM TGZ was present during the same period, contained two morphologically different cell types; one was cuboidal in shape and the other was spindle shaped, which was characterized by cell spreading and a larger cell surface area compared with the cuboidal-shaped cells, as indicated by the magnified inserts.
Larger differences, however, were found in the ALS gene family, which encodes large cell-surface glycoproteins that function in host pathogen interactions (Hoyer et al. 2001).
Most of these giant proteins have been identified in nonpathogenic environmental bacteria as large cell-surface glycoproteins (Reva and Tümmler 2008).
These include a lantibiotic synthesis gene cluster, the capsular locus, a large cell wall surface anchor protein, two transposons, a resistance island, a possible phage remnant and a gene cluster with unknown functions.
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