Jr,sat is the remanent magnetization that remains when a saturating (large) applied field is removed, and Jr is the residual magnetization left by some process apart from IRM saturation, as, for example, TRM.
This large applied voltage is referred to as the WRITE voltage.
Small, medium, and large applied currents with various cooling loads are adopted as operating conditions.
However, for sufficiently large applied fields, a phase transition occurs to the axial configuration.
The instantaneous nucleation was observed only at the large applied potential of −1.1 V.
A large applied load coupled to intermediate sliding velocity (0.5 m s−1) lowers the wear performance.
However, under large applied loads, the instability appears well below the melting temperature.
We show that the following could result in a shorter residence time: thin double layer, strong applied electric field, large applied pressure gradient, and small number of cylinders.
Impact microactuators rely on repeated collisions to generate gross displacements of a microelectromechanical machine element without the need for large applied forces.
However, at large applied voltages, increasing the applied voltage negligibly changes the electric field magnitudes, regardless of water conductivity.
