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Others have argued that it is not grammatical competence as such that is innate but more general cognitive principles and that the application of these to language utterances in particular situations ultimately yields grammatical competence.
Although Chomsky was careful to stress in his earliest writings that generative grammar does not provide a model for the production or reception of language utterances, there has been a good deal of psycholinguistic research directed toward validating the psychological reality of the units and processes postulated by generative grammarians in their descriptions of languages.
Similarly, natural language utterances are meaningful in virtue of the meanings of corresponding Mentalese sentences.
For training the CD codebook, 180 English language utterances from a single speaker, of 3 to 4 s duration each, were used from the WSJ speech database.
Zipf's law states that given some corpus of natural language utterances, the frequency of any word is inversely proportional to its rank in the frequency table.
For training the CI speech codebook, 180 English language utterances of duration 3 to 4 seconds each were used, from 25 male and 25 female speakers from the WSJ speech database [41].
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To flesh out what "transition to an error state" means one may represent the communicative situation of a language utterance with presupposition in more detail, as follows.
These language-dependent models are trained on hundreds of thousands of recorded and annotated speech utterances.
As mentioned above, the main reason is that multiple discriminative classifiers based on hierarchically clustered speaker groups are employed to map the speech utterance into discriminative language characterization score vector space, which not only represents enhanced language information but also compensates for intralanguage and interspeaker variability.
Dean's body language and utterances as this plays out will make for interesting spectator sport.
"It gives you the feeling, 'Hey, this software is listening to me.'" MACH keeps track of weak language, like utterances of "Mmm," "Uhh," and "Basically".
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com