They exhibit vast diversity with respect to culture, language, subsistence economy and population structure variables like size, growth, distribution, marriage patterns and degree of endogamy [2], [7] [8].
Four categorization criteria were tested (Table 1): geography, language, subsistence mode and ecoregion (biome).
In each of these figures, the MDS plot is displayed four times, with populations being highlighted according to our four categorization criteria, namely geography, language, subsistence mode and biome.
Apparently, this region has a particularly high diversity of ethnicities, languages, and subsistence modes, and a complex correspondence with uniparental genetic variation.
Marginalisation for many indigenous individuals involves amongst other things social exclusion, discrimination, and loss of indigenous language, traditions and subsistence rights [ 1- 3].
At Akwesasne, community members report a loss of language and culture around subsistence activities like fishing, which have been largely abandoned because of fears of exposure to contaminants.
The goals of the Council are voiced by a commitment to a "peaceful Arctic" where issues can be resolved by cooperation and consensus and to the inhabitants of the region, their rights, social structures, cultural traditions, languages, and means of subsistence.
Fig. 5 Some general hypotheses linking the distribution of subsistence cultures and language affiliation for ca. 4000 BC.
Fig. 7 Some hypotheses linking the distribution of subsistence cultures and language affiliation for ca. 2000 BC.
Fig. 6 Some hypotheses linking the distribution of subsistence cultures and language affiliation for ca. 3000 BC, with indication of the dispersal directions for north Chinese millets, middle Yangtze rice and millet systems, and possible Dawenkou-related coastal dispersal southwards (Tanshishan and Nanguanli).
His mother, Reur, is an ethnic Kreung woman who doesn't speak the national Khmer language and earns a basic subsistence income as a rice farmer.
