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Only English language participants and no Urdu language participants had this issue related to their not having had a colonoscopy.
Age, gender and years in Canada were similar across Urdu and English language participants.
English language participants who lacked knowledge provided additional comments that they "did not know".
Therefore, interviewer instructions were added to stimulate more meaningful responses, particularly for English language participants.
Among English language participants (n = 3), comments indicated that the topic of colon cancer was not discussed in the family.
Male and Female English and Urdu language participants felt "confident" or were "100%" sure of their response.
Similar(37)
One male English language participant stated that his family gave him "healthy foods", a preventive measure.
A female English language participant's rationale for her response related to not having enough information about colon cancer, while another female English language participant's response reflected her "religious beliefs".
One female Urdu language participant believed that if she went for screening, she may not get colon cancer, while another male Urdu language participant felt that it was a serious disease.
A female Urdu language participant believed that she was "not scared" because colon cancer could be cured, while a male English language participant believed that people should "consider" having the test.
Only one female English language participant felt "awkward" about talking about feces as it was a sensitive topic.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com