With visitors engaged in activities typically found within an untamed national park or landscape reserve, including snorkelling and abseiling (Figure 2), the reconfiguration of a landscape of industrial artefacts has been aimed at introducing 'natural processes in a devastated and perverted situation.
Regional conservation planning frequently relies on general assumptions about historical disturbance regimes to inform decisions about landscape restoration, reserve allocations, and landscape management.
What they miss out on is wild, wooded landscapes, nature reserves, famously good custard tarts and one of the best – and few white-sand – beaches in the archipelago, Praia Formosa.
The increase to about 1,000 acres links Carlton to Castle Marshes and prepares the way for a landscape-sized reserve full of marsh harriers, bearded reedlings, water voles, otters, water soldier and Norfolk hawker dragonflies – presided over by the mother of all arachnids.
When the efficacy of the marine reserve was assessed without including landscape attributes, no reserve effects were detected in the diversity and abundance of fish and coral communities, despite 10 years of management protection.
Despite these changes, butterfly losses were lower than in comparable surveys recently conducted elsewhere in Central Europe, partly because major losses occurred long before the 1980s survey and partly owing to a high heterogeneity of the urban landscape surrounding the reserves.
We identified the relationships between the area covered by gullies and present-day forest cover (Pearson correlation index 0.5), changes in the forest cover in the 20th century (0.7), the area of landscape parks and reserves (0.8) and the share of big farms (− 0.5).
In a 10,000-km(2) experimentally fragmented landscape of rainforest reserves in central Amazonia, we examine patterns of genetic variation (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, AFLPs) in the epiphyllous (e.g. leaf-inhabiting) liverwort Radula flaccida Gott.
Underlying this landscape are large reserves of oil and gas, many yet untapped.
The landscape of the reserve has become more fragmented due mostly to effects of past reforestation efforts and of sustained human disturbances at lower elevations during the study period.
