We then analysed the welfare changes of tourists and residents affected by different landscape programmes.
The distribution of the willingness to pay values for possible combinations of landscape programmes aiming to maintain two agricultural landscape attributes as well as one moorland attribute inferred from the earlier CEM survey is compared to results obtained with the sequential contingent valuation procedure for multidimensional policy suggested by Hoehn (1991).
A £23m Endangered Landscapes Programme (ELP) has selected the remains of the Caledonian Forest to be the focus of a key restoration project – along with seven other major regeneration schemes – to restore Europe's most threatened environments.
Other regions, such as Long Island in New York, and southern California, as well as countries including England, Singapore and China, regularly enquire about the Bay Area's projects and methods, says Letitia Grenier, director of the resilient landscapes programme at the San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI), an independent aquatic- and ecosystem-science institute based in Richmond, California.
In order to develop a sound landscape monitoring programme, key theoretical concepts and study objectives should be clearly stipulated, and the specific objects to be monitored, as well as the criteria for selecting study areas, hierarchical levels, and techniques of data collection and analysis should be identified.
Also relevant is the urban metabolism-inspired landscape planning programme actuated in a decayed area of Amsterdam14 within the framework of Holland's unique development system due to an unusual settlement density, and an industrial agriculture making the Low Countries the second food producer in the world, after the United States of America.
Set in a suddenly bleak and barren fiscal landscape, some programmes look less like an hour's semi-aspirational entertainment than an incitement to riot.
This suggests a need for landscape education programmes, especially for the young, so that future generations will favour interventions in the preservation of the historical and cultural agrarian landscapes.
