The total calculated land of the study area is 22,469 ha.
According to the current local market price the value of the total land of the study area is approximately 6865.2 million BDT (84,576,876.63 $).
The surrounding land of the study area can be demarcated into four categories: agriculture, human settlement, vegetation cover and water bodies.
In general, the soil of the grazing land of the study area was higher in most fertility status of the soil physicochemical properties such as total porosity, soil pH (H2O), electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K and Na), CEC, percent base saturation (PBS) and Zn as compared to the forest land and cultivated land.
The depletion of OM because of continuous cultivation might have reduced the CEC of the soils in the cultivated land of the study area, which is in line with the findings of Gao and Change (1996) who reported that the continuous cultivation decreases soil OM and resulted in CEC reduction in the cultivated land than that of uncultivated land.
Permanent grassland occupies an overall area of 1.73 million hectares (Seidelberger et al., 2009), which accounts for about 50% of the agricultural land of the study area (Schaumberger, 2005).
These approaches have resulted in too much science on autopilot, where the scientists only touch the controls at the last minute or upon landing of the study, and machines do all of the rest.
In this study, hydrogen ions had contributed an appreciable amount of the exchangeable acidity in all of the land uses of the study area particularly under the grazing and forest lands where exchangeable Al is not commonly expected in an appreciable quantity in soils with pH values of greater than 5.5 (Nair and Chamuah 1993).
Moreover, the investigation is set to classify the land cover of the study area, map and assess the change in land cover over the last 25 years, assess the accuracy for land cover classification, study changes in temperature and precipitation pattern in the last 30 years in relation with present water availability in the research area.
The land use of the study area includes approximately 3.37% natural forest, 67.42% of cultivated land, 4.87% of plantation forest, 24.34% of pasture and grazing land.
