This effect can be explained by the fact that the subset AAM is optimized for these specific landmarks, while the augmented AAM mediates between various fitting constraints for all landmarks - even those not covered in this comparison.
The cost function consists of a part accounting for the reconstruction error, that is the PCA-instrumented shape fitting term for the found landmarks, while the other part accounts for the distance from the inferred landmarks to their closest candidates.
The model image is segmented at and around landmarks while the test image is oversegmented, e.g., using watershed algorithm, hence it contains a much larger number of segments as compared to the training (model) images.
The layout of Shibuya was duplicated for the game, retaining the real-world landmarks while rebranding the names of stores and buildings for copyright reasons; for example, the 109 Building was renamed to be the "104 Building", while one of the busiest Starbucks, adjacent to the scramble crossing, was renamed "Outback Cafe".
From 900 feet up, you can see the Grande Roue de Paris Ferris wheel and other landmarks while, at the same time, witnessing for yourself why the city is a "top destination" contender every year.
Yesterday environmentalists hailed the measures – to be adopted following long negotiations between the European Parliament and individual governments – as a "landmark", while the National Farmers Unionn called them "devastating".
Ironically, as the conservation industry mounts guard on these kitsch fantasies, the genuine made-in-America ruins are left to rot. Henry Ford's estate is now an über-curated National Historic Landmark, while the great industrial buildings of Detroit that delivered his mass-production modernity are decaying, blighted hulks.
Moreover, the landmark-location representations in POS may have been discrete and local to a particular landmark, while the spatial detail decoded in the hippocampus was related to the wider knowledge of the environment's overall layout and the location of all the permanent landmarks within it.
In the only investigation that concentrated on this issue, Schneider et al. (2007) found that the extensor hallucis longus (EHL), by lying close to the center of the ankle joint, was the most accurate anatomical landmark, while the tibialis anterior tendon even though more easily palpable was located about 1 cm medial to the center of the ankle.
Tracked positions were then transformed from image space to real-world space by reference to calibration images collected of a building with suitable landmarks, while replicating the viewing geometry during data collection (Supplementary Fig. 1).
In the process of landmark acquisition, while the landmarks which are far from its real position have been removed, such as the institution using CDN and shared hosting, the landmarks with small deviation (as shown in Figs. 1 and 2) are still reserved, and existing studies have not yet done further processing.
