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Following superimposition, a consensus configuration of landmarks was computed, which represents the average shape of all specimens analyzed.
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The retinal positions of the edges of the landmark were computed from the ant's position and body orientation relative to the landmark, under the assumption that the ant's head is usually aligned with its body axis an assumption supported by high-magnification video recordings [41].
Semi-landmark sliding was computed by minimizing summed procrustes distances between samples and the average shape.
The voicing status for 10 consecutive landmarks during stop closure was computed.
To quantify wing size, centroid size [ 35] was computed from the raw coordinates of the landmarks.
Distance traveled measured in pixels between successive frames was computed, and converted into centimeters using known landmark distances in the video frame.
RAS was computed daily.
The general size was computed as the centroid size (CS), which reflects the amount of dispersion around the centroid of the landmark configuration.
TPS models shape differences as deformations among a set of homologous landmarks, and the TPS function interpolates a surface that is fixed at the landmarks, and is computed so as to minimize overall bending energy, implying minimizing spatially localized information [25], [54].
The final landmark positions are computed as the mean of these parallel instantiations, and their variance indicates the reliability of the landmark.
Furthermore, regional traits, defined as linear combinations of the single landmark traits, were computed by a multivariate decomposition of the previous traits.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com